Design and Development of Pesticide Residue Detection System using EC and pH Sensor

Full Text (PDF, 524KB), PP.10-17

Views: 0 Downloads: 0

Author(s)

Deepali Gupta 1 Balwinder Singh 1 Harpreet Singh 1

1. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Mohali, India

* Corresponding author.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5815/ijem.2016.02.02

Received: 12 Nov. 2015 / Revised: 3 Jan. 2016 / Accepted: 29 Jan. 2016 / Published: 8 Mar. 2016

Index Terms

Pesticide residue, electrical conductivity, pH, chlorpyrifos, vegetable samples

Abstract

Increase in the population of India, results in higher demand for food as well as decrease in land for farming. Hence to fulfil the increased demand, food is adulterated to get more quantity in short period of time. Moreover, pesticides in crops are using above the legal maximum residue limit by farmers to gain more profit in lesser time. Although pesticides are highly effective on pests but they can reside in an environment. Among the class of organophosphate pesticides, chlorpyrifos is widely used in vegetables. Chlorpyrifos has toxic effects on the human body particularly on brain and nervous system. In this paper, design and development of sensors for pesticide residue detection using parameters like electrical conductivity, pH etc are proposed. It was found that the relative percentage deviation between the value of conductivity in pesticide free samples and the pesticide containing samples of bitter gourd, bottle gourd and tomatoes are 31.4%, 10.7% and 19.09% and also between pesticide free samples and market samples are 33.5%, 8.7% and 16.56% respectively. This large variation among different samples shows the presence of pesticide residue. Hence, the method can be successfully used for the detection of pesticide residues in vegetable samples. The proposed sensor system is easy, rapid and time undemanding method. So, this electronic device can also be used to check impurities in any other liquid like water, milk etc.

Cite This Paper

Deepali Gupta, Balwinder Singh, Harpreet Singh,"Design and Development of Pesticide Residue Detection System using EC and pH Sensor", International Journal of Engineering and Manufacturing(IJEM), Vol.6, No.2, pp.10-17, 2016. DOI: 10.5815/ijem.2016.02.02

Reference

[1]A. J. Dhembare, "Bitter truth about fruit with reference to artificial ripener," Archives of Applied Science Research, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. 45-54, 2013.

[2]Selvi, S., Karthikeyan, R. and Vanitha, U., "Organic farming: Technology for environment-friendly agriculture," in Proc. International Conference on Advances in Engineering, Science and Management (ICAESM), pp.132-136, March 2012.

[3]tahir, Salma Iqbal Naik, Salma Rehman and M. Shahzad, "A quantitative analysis for the toxic pesticide residues in marketed fruits and vegetables in lahore, pakistan," Biomedica., vol. 25, pp. 171 – 174, Dec. 2009.

[4]M. Usman Dorria M. Ahmed, Aml R.M Yousef and H S.A. Hassan, "Relationship between electrical conductivity, softening and color of Fuerte avocado fruits during ripening ," Agric. Biol. J. N. Am., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 878-885, 2010.

[5]Virgínia C. Fernandes, Valentina F. Domingues, Nuno Mateus, and Cristina Delerue-Matos, "Determination of Pesticides in Fruit and Fruit Juices by Chromatographic Methods. An Overview," Journal of Chromatographic Science, vol. 1, no. 49, pp. 715-730, 2011.

[6]International Code of Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, Hundred and Twenty-Third Session of the FAO Council, November 2002. 

[7]Pin Zhang, Xiaojun Hu, Ying Wang and Tieheng Sun, "Simultaneous Determination of 15 Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Soil by GC/MS/MS," in Proc.2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering, pp.4113-4116, May 2008.

[8]Tian Newman, Fabien Josse, Arnold Mensah Brown and Florian Bender "Analysis of the detection of organophosphate pesticides in aqueous solutions using polymer-coated SH-SAW sensor arrays," in Proc. European Frequency and Time Forum & International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFC) Joint, pp.620-623, July 2013.

[9]Jeffry Kirsch, Virginia A. Davis, and Aleksandr L. Simonian, "Direct and discriminative detection of organophosphate neurotoxins for food and agriculture products," IEEE Sensors, pp.1-4, Oct. 2012.

[10]Yi Chen, Rui Wang and Hongqian Chen, "A non-standard-substance pesticide residue qualitative analysis method based on SVM," in Proc. IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing and Intelligence Systems (CCIS), pp.89-93, Sept. 2011.

[11]A. Sassolas, B. Prieto-Simón and J. Marty, "Biosensors for Pesticide Detection: New Trends," American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. 3, pp.210-232, February2012.

[12]R. Bhadekar, S. Pote, V. Tale and B. Nirichan, "Developments in Analytical Methods for Detection of Pesticides in Environmental Samples," American Journal of Analytical Chemistry, vol. no. 8A, pp. 1-15, December 2011.

[13]Dasciana Rodrigues, TeciaCarvalho, Anayla Sousa, Vicente Sousa Neto, Pierre Fechine, and Ronaldo Nascimento, "Determination of Insecticide Residues in Vegetal Fruits," Chromatography Research International, vol. 2011, December 2010. 

[14]C. M. Torres, Y. Picó, and J. Mañes, "Determination of pesticide residues in fruit and vegetables," Journal of Chromatography A, vol. 754, no.1-2, pp. 301–331, 1996.

[15]Charan, P. D., "Monitoring of pesticide residues in farmgate vegetables of central Aravalli region of western India," American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural & Environmental Science, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 255-258, 2010.

[16]Ashok Mulchandani, Wilfred Chen, Priti Mulchandani, Joseph Wang and Kim R. Rogers, "Biosensors for direct determination of organophosphate pesticides," Biosensors & Bioelectronics., vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 225–230, February 2001.

[17]Dai Fen, Hong Tiansheng, Zhang Kun and Hong Ya, "Non-destructive Detection of Pesticide Residue on Longan Surface Based on Near Infrared Spectroscopy," in Proc. International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation (ICICTA), vol. 2, pp.781-783, May 2010.

[18]F.E. Adelowo, "Limited Analysis of phorate in vegetable samples by spectrophotometric method," Elixir Appl. Chem., vol. 45, pp. 7598-7601, March 2012.

[19]Gamal F. Mohamed, Mohamed S. Shaheen, Safaa K.H. Khalil, Ahmed M.S. Husseinand Mohie M. Kamil, "Application of FT-IR Spectroscopy for Rapid and Simultaneous Quality Determination of Some Fruit Products," Nature and Science., vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 21-31, 2011