This paper presents a novel IoT system to eliminate the need for human intervention for solar panel maintenance purposes in smart farms. For the convenience of the consumer, a wireless sensing system could be implemented to automate these functions. This would eliminate the cost of any additional labor charges for panel maintenance as the system implemented would automatically calculate the position as per the current time of the day and adjust the panel's position accordingly to harvest the most amount of sun rays into the PV panel. Unlike the conventional tracking method where the panel is rotated hourly, we propose a fixed set of Sun Altitude and Azimuth angle ranges that are hardcoded to each panel position so that throughout the year whenever these angles fall out of range it jumps to the next position. The system results in a straightforward method by retrieving the current date/time from the RTC module and calculating the respective Sun Altitude and Azimuth angle to determine the position to adjust the position of the panel accordingly, thus producing effective power outputs and strong sun tracking results.

When interference is reduced, the benefits of using a macrocell and femtocell heterogeneous network (Macro-Femto) heterogeneous network (HetNet) can be increased to their full potential. In this study, Enhanced Active Power Control (EAPC), Active Power Control (APC), and Power Control (PC1) interference mitigation strategies are applied, and their performances in uplink and downlink transmission of 5G Non-Stand-Alone (NSA) architecture are compared. According to the findings of a MATLAB simulation, the EAPC technique utilized a lower amount of transmit power for the Macro User Equipment (MUE), the Home User Equipment (HUE), and the femtocell logical node (Hen-gNB), in comparison to the APC and PC1 techniques. While PC1 approach required less en-gNB transmission power. The MUE, HUE, hen-gNB, and en-gNB throughput of the EAPC approach was much higher. This work will enable wireless system designers and network engineers know the appropriate technique to utilize to achieve desired Quality of Service (QoS) while conserving network resources.

On the basis of characteristics derived from IPv4 addresses, this paper offers a method for identifying interaction linked with website-based malware and then modelling a machine-learning-based classifier.  In this research work, a modified approach is proposed for detecting fraudulent websites and compared with other methods like SVM assessment of IP addresses, octet-based technique, modified extended version of octet-based technique, and bit string-based characteristics. This modified approach is based on the fact that logical addressing is more reliable and consistent than other measures like URLs and DNS. The characteristic sequence which makes up URLs and domain names are more changeable with respect to IP addresses which are less changeable in comparison to URLs or domain names. The IPv4 address length is encoded into 4-byte space. Here, we have evaluated our modified approach with valid IP addresses from Kaggle [11], published on January 16, 2018, have been used to validate the efficacy of their metho.

A wideband microstrip antenna is proposed with the partially ground structure for ISM (Industry, Science, Medical) band other wireless applications like worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), and wireless local area network (WLAN). The need for compact antennas is continuously growing due to the rapid expansion of applications in today's environment. In this paper, a novel compact broadband patch antenna with an oval patch, rectangular slot, step, and partial ground is presented, which is compatible with ISM band, WLAN, and WiMAX applications. For S11(10dB) the suggested antenna has a bandwidth of 4.78GHz to 6.80GHz. The prototype is constructed on a commercially available FR4 substrate with dimensions of 20*15*1.6 mm3. The proposed antenna is ideally suited for ISM band WiMAX and WLAN applications. For bandwidth enhancement, a rectangular cut, a step below an oval patch is used and a partial ground structure is used to improve reflection co-efficient parameters (S11).

5G Heterogeneous network is characterized with small cells in close proximity with one another which in most cases are active even at low traffic load periods. Such scenarios lead to unnecessary large energy consumption and co-frequency interference. This large energy consumption and interference in 5G heterogeneous networks have been an issue widely discussed in several technical literature. Different and attractive techniques on energy management have been investigated and proposed. All these have been in seeking ways of minimizing or reducing energy consumption in mobile networks. In this study the on/off and sleep-mode schemes as energy management techniques have been reviewed with the major aim of identifying weak areas of both techniques and suggesting ways which will be useful for further research works in the future. In doing so recent literature on the subject matter were consulted. The on/off and sleep-mode schemes involve switching processes which result to loss of data and information during change of state. Quality of service issues arising from incomplete or proper switching process and unnecessary delay perceived by the users were observed as major concern for both schemes. For further work, amongst other suggestions, it is suggested that the time needed between system switching command and switching operations be considered as an important factor in eliminating switching problems which will positively affect the overall quality of service.