In recent technology the popularity and demand of image processing is increasing due to its immense number of application in various fields. Most of these are related to biometric science like face recognitions, fingerprint recognition, iris scan, and speech recognition. Among them face detection is a very powerful tool for video surveillance, human computer interface, face recognition, and image database management. There are a different number of works on this subject. Face recognition is a rapidly evolving technology, which has been widely used in forensics such as criminal identification, secured access, and prison security. In this paper we had gone through different survey and technical papers of this field and list out the different techniques like Linear discriminant analysis, Viola and Jones classification and adaboost learning curvature analysis and discuss about their advantages and disadvantages also describe some of the detection and recognition algorithms, mention some application domain along with different challenges in this field. . We had proposed a classification of detection techniques and discuss all the recognition methods also.